From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
The Syrian civil war,[47] also referred to as the Syrian uprising,[48] is an ongoing armed conflict in Syria
between forces loyal to the Ba'ath Party government and those seeking
to oust it. The conflict began on 15 March 2011 with public
demonstrations as part of the wider Arab Spring. Protesters demanded the end to nearly five decades of Ba'ath Party rule, as well as the resignation of President Bashar al-Assad
In April 2011, the Syrian government deployed the Syrian Army to quell the uprising[49] and soldiers were ordered to open fire on civilians.[50]
After months of military sieges, the protests evolved into an armed
rebellion. Opposition forces became increasingly armed and organized as
they unified into larger groups, with some groups receiving military aid
from several foreign countries. However, the rebels remained fractured,
without organized leadership. The Syrian government characterizes the
insurgency as "armed terrorist groups"
The Arab League, United States, European Union, GCC states and other countries have condemned the use of violence against the protesters. China and Russia have opposed attempts to agree to a UN resolution condemning Assad's actions,[52] and advised against sanctions, saying that such methods could escalate into foreign intervention.[53] The Arab League suspended Syria's membership over the government's response to the crisis,[54] but sent an observer mission in December 2011, as part of its proposal for peaceful resolution of the crisis. A further attempt to resolve the crisis has been made through the appointment of Kofi Annan as a special envoy. On 15 July 2012, the International Committee of the Red Cross assessed the Syrian conflict as a "non-international armed conflict" (the ICRC's legal term for civil war), thus applying international humanitarian law under the Geneva Conventions to Syria.
According to various sources, between 28,000[56] and 43,210[57][30]
people have been killed, of which about half were civilians, but also
including 15,865–17,365 armed combatants consisting of both the Syrian
army and rebel forces[58][59] and up to 2,050 opposition protesters.[35][36] According to the UN, about 1.2 million Syrians have been internally displaced within the country.[60] To escape the violence, hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees have fled to neighboring countries.[61] In addition, tens of thousands of protesters have been imprisoned, and there have been reports of widespread torture in the government's prisons.[62][63] International organizations have also accused the government and Shabiha of severe human rights violations.[64]
Anti-government rebels have been accused of human rights abuses as
well, though the vast majority of abuses are committed by the Syrian
government's forces.[65][66]
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